STANDARDIZATION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ——附加英文版
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
STANDARDIZATION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the Fifth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Seventh National People's Congress on December 29, 1988, promulgated by
Order No. 11 of the President of the People's Republic of China on
December 29, 1988, and effective as of April 1, 1989)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Formulation of Standards
Chapter III Implementation of Standards
Chapter IV Legal Responsibility
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is formulated with a view to developing the socialist commodity
economy, promoting technical progress, improving product quality,
increasing social and economic benefits, safeguarding the interests of the
State and the people and suiting standardization to the needs in socialist
modernization and in the development of economic relations with foreign
countries.
Article 2
Standards shall be formulated for the following technical requirements
that need to be unified:
(1) the varieties, specifications, quality and grades of industrial
products as well as the safety and sanitary requirements for them;
(2) the design, production, inspection, packing, storage, transportation
and methods of operation of industrial products as well as the safety and
sanitary requirements for them in the process of production, storage and
transportation;
(3) technical requirements and testing methods related to environmental
protection;
(4) the designs, construction procedure and safety requirements for
construction projects; and
(5) technical terms, symbols, code names and drawing methods related to
industrial production, project construction and environmental protection.
Major agricultural products and other items that need to be standardized
shall be designated by the State Council.
Article 3
The tasks of standardization shall include the formulation of standards
and organization of and supervision over the implementation of the
standards. Standardization shall be incorporated in the plan for national
economic and social development.
Article 4
The State shall encourage the active adoption of international standards.
Article 5
The department of standardization administration under the State Council
shall be in charge of the unified administration of standardization
throughout the country. Competent administrative authorities under the
State Council shall, in line with their respective functions, be in charge
of standardization in their respective departments and trades.
The departments of standardization administration of provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be
in charge of the unified administration of standardization within their
respective administrative areas. Competent administrative authorities
under the governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government shall, in line with their respective
functions, be in charge of standardization in their respective departments
and trades within their respective administrative areas.
The standardization administration departments and the competent
administrative authorities of cities and counties shall, in line with
their respective functions as assigned by the governments of provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government, be in charge of standardization within their respective
administrative areas.
Chapter II Formulation of Standards
Article 6
National standards shall be formulated for the technical requirements that
need to be unified nationwide. National standards shall be formulated by
the department of standardization administration under the State Council.
Where, in the absence of national standards, technical requirements for a
certain trade need to be unified, trade standards may be formulated. Trade
standards shall be formulated by competent administrative authorities
under the State Council and reported to the department of standardization
administration under the State Council for the record, and shall be
annulled on publication of the national standards. Where, in the absence
of both national and trade standards, safety and sanitary requirements for
industrial products need to be unified within a province, an autonomous
region or a municipality directly under the Central Government, local
standards may be formulated. Local standards shall be formulated by
departments of standardization administration of provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and
reported to the department of standardization administration and the
competent administrative authorities under the State Council for the
record, and shall be annulled on publication of the national or trade
standards.
Where, in the absence of both national and trade standards for products
manufactured by an enterprise, standards for the enterprise shall be
formulated to serve as the criteria for the organization of production. An
enterprise's standards for its products shall be reported to the
standardization administration department and the competent administrative
authorities under the local government for the record. Where national or
trade standards have been formulated, the State shall encourage
enterprises to formulate their enterprise standards, which are more
stringent than the national or trade standards, to be used in these
enterprises.
Where the formulation of standards is otherwise provided for by law, such
legal provisions shall be complied with.
Article 7
National standards and trade standards shall be classified into compulsory
standards and voluntary standards. Those for safeguarding human health and
ensuring the safety of the person and of property and those for compulsory
execution as prescribed by the laws and administrative rules and
regulations shall be compulsory standards, the others shall be voluntary
standards.
The local standards formulated by standardization administration
departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly
under the Central Government for the safety and sanitary requirements of
industrial products shall be compulsory standards within their respective
administrative areas.
Article 8
The formulation of standards shall be conducive to ensuring safety and the
people's health, safeguarding consumer interests and protecting the
environment.
Article 9
The standards to be formulated shall be conducive to a rational use of the
country's resources, a wider utilization of scientific and technological
gains and the enhancement of economic returns, conform to operation
instructions, increase the universality and interchangeability of
products, and be technologically advanced and economically rational.
Article 10
The standards to be formulated shall be coordinated with and supported by
related standards.
Article 11
The standards to be formulated shall help promote economic and
technological cooperation with foreign countries and foreign trade.
Article 12
The roles of trade associations, scientific research institutions and
academic organizations shall be brought into play in the formulation of
standards. A department engaged in the formulation of standards shall
organize a committee on standardization technology composed of
specialists, which shall be responsible for the drafting of the standards
and shall participate in the examination of the draft standards.
Article 13
After the standards come into force, the department that formulated them
shall, in the light of scientific and technological developments and the
needs in economic construction, make timely reviews of the current
standards to determine if they are to remain effective or are to be
revised or annulled.
Chapter III Implementation of Standards
Article 14
Compulsory standards must be complied with. It shall be prohibited to
produce, sell or import products that are not up to the compulsory
standards. With regard to voluntary standards, the State shall encourage
their adoption by enterprises on an optional basis.
Article 15
With respect to products for which national or trade standards have been
formulated, enterprises may apply to the standardization administration
department under the State Council or agencies authorized by the same
department for product quality authentication. For products which are
authenticated to conform to the standards, certificates shall be issued by
the department that made the authentication and the use of the prescribed
authentication marks shall be permitted on such products and the packing
thereof.
If products for which authentication certificates have been granted do not
conform to national or trade standards, or if products have not undergone
authentication or found not up to the standards after the authentication
proceedings, no authentication marks shall be permitted for use on such
products leaving factories for sale.
Article 16
Technical requirements for export products shall comply with contractual
provisions.
Article 17
The development of new products, improvement of products or technical
renovation by an enterprise shall conform to standardization requirements.
Article 18
Departments of standardization administration under governments at or
above the county level shall be responsible for supervision over and
inspection of the implementation of the standards.
Article 19
Departments of standardization administration under governments at or
above the county level may, in accordance with needs, establish inspection
organizations or authorize inspection organizations of other units to
examine whether products conform to the standards. Where the laws and
administrative rules and regulations provide otherwise on inspection
organizations, such provisions shall apply.
Disputes over whether a product conforms to the standards shall be handled
in accordance with the inspection data provided by the inspection
organizations as specified in the preceding paragraph.
Chapter IV Legal Responsibility
Article 20
Whoever produces, sells or imports products that do not conform to the
compulsory standards shall be dealt with according to law by the competent
administrative authorities as prescribed by the laws and administrative
rules and regulations. In the absence of such prescriptions, his products
and unlawful proceeds shall be confiscated and he shall be concurrently
fined by the administrative authorities for industry and commerce; where
serious consequences are caused and crimes are constituted, the person
directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in
accordance with the law.
Article 21
Where authentication marks are used on products leaving a factory for
sale, for which authentication certificates have been issued but which do
not conform to national or trade standards, the enterprise concerned shall
be ordered by the department of standardization administration to stop the
sale and shall be fined concurrently; where the circumstances are serious,
the authentication certificates shall be revoked by the department that
made the authentication.
Article 22
Whoever uses authentication marks, without authorization, on products
leaving a factory for sale, which have not undergone authentication or
have been found not up to the standards after the authentication
proceedings, shall be ordered by the department of standardization
administration to stop the sale and shall concurrently be fined.
Article 23
A party which refuses to accept the punishment of confiscation of its
products and of its unlawful proceeds and a fine may, within 15 days of
receiving the penalty notice, apply for reconsideration to the office
immediately above the one that made the punishment decision; a party which
refuses to obey the reconsideration decision may, within 15 days of
receiving the reconsideration decision, bring a suit before a people's
court. The party also may, within 15 days of receiving the penalty notice,
directly bring a suit before a people's court. If a party neither applies
for reconsideration nor brings a suit before a people's court within the
prescribed time nor complies with the punishment decision, the office that
made the punishment decision shall apply to a people's court for
compulsory execution.
Article 24
Personnel responsible for the supervision, inspection and administration
of standardization who violate the law or neglect their duties, or are
engaged in malpractices for personal gains, shall be given disciplinary
sanctions; where crimes are constituted, their criminal responsibility
shall be investigated in accordance with the law.
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
Article 25
Rules for the implementation of this Law shall be formulated by the State
Council.
Article 26
This Law shall go into effect as of April 1, 1989.
Important Notice:
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
齐齐哈尔市公民献血和血液管理条例
黑龙江省人大常委会
齐齐哈尔市公民献血和血液管理条例
黑龙江省人大常委会
（1996年11月3日黑龙江省第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议批准 1997年1月1日起施行）
第一章 总 则
第一条 为保证医疗用血需要，加强血液管理，保障公民身体健康，根据卫生部《采供血机构和血液管理办法》和《黑龙江省采供血机构和血液管理办法》规定，结合本市实际，制定本条例。
第二条 在本市行政区域内的机关、团体、部队、企事业单位及其他组织（以下简称单位）和公民，均应遵守本条例。
第三条 献血是每个适龄、健康公民应尽的义务。凡符合献血条件的公民，均应按本条例的规定履行献血义务。
公民履行献血义务包括无偿和有偿两种形式。无偿献血是指公民自愿提供血液而不获取报酬的行为；有偿献血是指公民自愿提供血液并获取营养补助费的行为。
本市提倡公民无偿献血。
第四条 本市实行统一规划采供血专门机构，统一管理血源，统一采供血的血液管理制度。
第五条 各级人民政府应积极开展公民献血工作，加强对血液管理工作的领导。
新闻、出版、广播、电视、文化、教育等部门，应配合卫生行政部门做好公民献血和血液科学知识的宣传教育工作。
第二章 机构与职责
第六条 市、县（市）、区卫生行政部门是全市公民献血和血液管理工作的主管部门。其职责是：
（一）贯彻执行国家和省的有关献血和血液管理工作的法律、法规和规章；
（二）制定实施本条例的有关管理办法和技术规范；
（三）负责本市行政区域内采供血专门机构的规划和管理；
（四）负责本市血液质量的监督管理；
（五）负责跨县（市）、区的血源调配；
（六）查处献血和血液管理工作中的违法行为。
第七条 市、县（市）、区献血办公室在同级卫生行政部门领导下负责公民献血的日常管理工作。其职责是：
（一）组织公民献血；
（二）拟定本辖区公民献血规划和年度计划；
（三）负责《公民献血卡》、单位《完成献血任务证书》的发放和管理；
（四）管理用血押金；
（五）负责对献血公民进行登记并建立档案。
第八条 经省、市卫生行政部门批准设立的市中心血站和县（市）、区中心血库是采供血专门机构。其职责是：
（一）在本辖区内采集、储存血液；
（二）执行采供血各项标准和技术规范及管理制度，保证血液质量；
（三）向辖区内医疗机构供应血液；
（四）开展成份输血；
（五）负责专业技术指导及人员培训；
（六）配合当地献血办公室，做好宣传和组织公民献血工作。
第九条 各级红十字会应当参与公民献血的宣传和动员工作，推动公民献血工作的开展。
第三章 献 血
第十条 凡符合献血体格检查标准的18至55周岁的男性公民和18至50周岁的女性公民，均应按下列规定履行献血义务：
（一）具有本市户籍的公民，每5年献血一次；
（二）设在本市的高、中等专业学校学生，在校期间献血一次；
（三）驻本市部队（含武装警察部队）现役军人，服役期间献血一次；
（四）在本市暂住1年以上5年以内的非本市公民，也要献血一次；暂住5年以上者，适用本条（一）项规定；
（五）公民献血的一次献血量按200毫升计算，自愿多次献血的，献血间隔时间不得少于3个月。
第十一条 公民献血年度计划指标，由市、县（市）、区人民政府分级核定下达，由各级卫生行政部门和献血办公室统一安排，各单位及乡（镇）政府或街道办事处负责组织落实。
任何单位及乡（镇）政府或街道办事处不准以任何理由拒绝组织公民献血工作。
第十二条 凡参加献血的公民，应当在指定的采供血专门机构进行体检。体检合格者方可在采供血专门机构献血。
第十三条 公民献血后，由献血办公室发给《公民献血卡》；其中有偿献血的，由献血办公室按规定发给营养补助费。
对完成年度献血计划指标的单位及乡（镇）政府或街道办事处，由献血办公室发给《完成献血任务证书》。
单位及乡（镇）政府或街道办事处的献血公民全部无偿献血的，按其当年献血计划指标的50％和超过计划指标的献血量，在下一年度献血计划指标中等量核减。
第十四条 公民献血的当日和次日，享受公假。军人献血后，公假待遇由部队自行决定。
第十五条 任何单位和个人，不准伪造、涂改、买卖或冒用献血证件，不准雇用他人或冒名顶替献血。
第四章 医疗用血
第十六条 对公民医疗用血，应根据医疗需要和血源情况，实行合理用血、计划用血和节约用血，保证急需急用。
第十七条 公民医疗需要用血时，由市卫生行政部门指定的采供血专门机构收取用血押金。收取用血押金时应使用全省统一专用票据。
血液价格执行物价部门制定的统一标准。
第十八条 已履行献血义务的公民医疗用血时，凭《公民献血卡》优待用血：
（一）无偿献血的公民，在献血后的5年内，本人享受2倍献血量的免费用血并免收等量用血押金，本人及家庭成员终生享受献血量的免费用血并免收等量用血押金；
（二）有偿献血的公民，本人在献血后的5年内享受免收献血量的用血押金。
第十九条 未履行献血义务的公民医疗用血时，有工作单位的凭所在单位上一年度《完成献血任务证书》和本人《工作证》、《户口薄》，免收用血押金。无工作单位的凭所在乡（镇）政府或街道办事处上一年度《完成献血任务证书》和本人《身份证》、《户口薄》，免收用血押金。
公民用血后6个月内，本人或其家庭成员进行献血的，退还献血量的用血押金。逾期未献血或单位未完成献血任务的，不退还用血押金。
节余的用血押金按照预算外资金管理，用于发展公民义务献血事业，专款专用，不得挪用，并接受财政和审计部门的监督。
第二十条 未满和超过献血年龄的公民或持民政部门有效证件的社会救济人员、五保户、二等甲级以上残废军人、被授予勇敢市民称号者，用血时凭有关证件免收用血押金。
第二十一条 输成份血者免收用血押金，血液病患者输血超过1200毫升后的用血量，免收用血押金。
第二十二条 符合本条例第十八条、十九条、二十条、二十一条规定的公民用血后，持各种用血证件和票据，到当地献血办公室办理享受免费用血或免收用血押金的报销手续。
第二十三条 急诊急救用血时，医疗单位应当先予用血，并在用血后检查有关证件，对符合本条例第二十二条规定的免收用血押金，对未履行公民义务献血的，用血三日内补交用血押金，逾期不交押金的，可在患者住院押金中扣除用血押金。
第二十四条 科研等单位非医疗用血时，应由市卫生行政部门批准。
第五章 血液管理
第二十五条 市、县（市）、区卫生行政部门按职责权限组织有关部门和专家定期对采供血专门机构进行评审，并对其血液质量进行监督、监测。
第二十六条 采供血专门机构对已采集的血液应当按国家规定的标准进行全项检测。
第二十七条 未经市卫生行政部门批准，采供血专门机构不准跨县（市）、区采供血以及擅自从外地购进或向外地输出血液。
第二十八条 严禁向未经体格检查或体格检查不合格者采血；严禁利用公民献血从事盈利活动。
任何单位和个人不准私自组织血源采血、采浆、供血、分离成份血，倒卖血液及成份血。
第二十九条 医疗机构应使用采供血专门机构提供的血液并应执行输血技术规范，合理利用血液，提高成份血的临床应用比例。
第三十条 医疗机构对已密封好的血袋不准再次打开分装、分离。开展自体输血服务项目的，应按规定履行审批登记手续。
第六章 奖励与处罚
第三十一条 市、县（市）、区政府对有下列情形之一的单位，予以表彰或奖励：
（一）完成当年公民义务献血任务的，颁发荣誉证书，组织者给予表彰；
（二）连续两年以上完成公民义务献血任务，并有突出贡献的颁发荣誉证书，并给予适当的物质奖励。
第三十二条 符合下列条件的无偿献血公民，由市、县（市）、区政府按下列标准给予奖励：
（一）荣获国家公民义务献血铜质奖章者，颁发荣誉证书，奖励400元；
（二）荣获国家公民义务献血银质奖章者，颁发荣誉证书，奖励600元；
（三）荣获国家公民义务献血金质奖章者，颁发荣誉证书，奖励800元；
（四）荣获国家公民义务献血金质奖杯者，颁发荣誉证书，奖励1000元。
第三十三条 违反本条例第十条、第十一条规定，对拒不履行献血义务的公民，经当地献血办公室核定后，在其医疗用血时，加收应献血量2倍的用血押金；对拒不执行献血计划而未完成献血计划指标的单位及乡（镇）政府或街道办事处，由市、县（市）、区卫生行政部门责令限期完
成；在限期内仍未完成的，由市、县（市）、区人民政府给予通报批评，并由市、县（市）、区卫生行政部门按未完成计划献血量金额的2至5倍处以罚款。
第三十四条 违反本条例第十五条规定的，由当地卫生行政部门收回其献血证件并处以每人次1000元至3000元的罚款。
第三十五条 违反本条例第二十六条规定的，由当地卫生行政部门对责任人和单位负责人给予行政处分，对采供血专门机构视情节给予警告，直至吊销其《采供血许可证》，并处以5000元至10000元的罚款。
第三十六条 违反本条例第二十七条规定的，由当地卫生行政部门没收其非法所得，并按其金额的2至5倍处以罚款。
第三十七条 违反本条例第二十八条第一款、第二十九条、第三十条规定的，由当地卫生行政部门没收其非法所得，责令停业整顿，直至吊销其《医疗机构执业许可证》，并处以5000元至10000元的罚款。
第三十八条 违反本条例第二十八条第二款规定的，由当地卫生行政部门予以取缔，没收其非法所得，并处以10000元至30000元的罚款。
第三十九条 献血办公室工作人员和采供血专门机构及医疗机构医务人员，滥用职权，玩忽职守，徇私舞弊的，由其所在单位或上级主管部门追究行政责任；构成犯罪的，移交司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第四十条 罚款应使用财政部门统一票据并全部上交同级财政。
第四十一条 当事人对行政处罚不服的，可以在接到行政处罚决定之日起十五日内向执罚部门的上一级机关申请复议，也可以直接向人民法院起诉。逾期不申请复议或不起诉又不执行处罚决定的，执罚部门可以向人民法院申请强制执行。
第七章 附 则
第四十二条 在采血、供血和输血过程中出现的医疗事故，按国务院《医疗事故处理办法》和省有关规定处理。
第四十三条 本条例具体应用中的问题由市卫生行政部门负责解释。
第四十四条 本条例自1997年1月1日起施行。《齐齐哈尔市公民义务献血和医疗用血暂行办法》同时废止。
1996年11月3日
